日期:2023-08-17 15:33 點(diǎn)擊:
代詞知識專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)整理
一、人稱代詞和物主代詞
1.人稱代詞。
人稱代詞包括主格和賓格。主格常做主語,賓格常做賓語,放在動(dòng)詞、介詞后。
主格包括:I, you, he, she, it,we, they。
賓格包括:me, you, him, her, it, us, them。
如:
(1)I am a teacher. 我是一個(gè)老師。
(2)She is a student. 他是一個(gè)學(xué)生。
(3)Give me the book. 給我那本兒書。
It 的用法:
(1)it代替上文提到的事或物。
(2)用于句型中:think /find /feel it + adj./n. (for sb.)to doIt is + adj./n. + that +句子It is + adj./n.(for sb.) to doIt takes sb. st. to do3) 代替人:嬰兒,遠(yuǎn)處的人,照片中的人,敲門的人。
如:
It must be my teacher.
他肯定是我的老師。
Who’s it over there?那邊兒他是誰?
2.物主代詞。
物主代詞包括形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞。前者相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,后者相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。
前者包括:my, your, his, her, its, our, their。
后者包括:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。
尤其是名詞性的物主代詞是重點(diǎn)考察內(nèi)容。
如:
(1)This is my book.
這是我的書。
(2)This isn't your pen. Yours is on the desk.
這不是你的鋼筆。你的鋼筆在桌子上。
二 . 反身代詞
當(dāng)主語和后邊的人指同一個(gè)人時(shí),用反身代詞。
如:I do homework by myself.
反身代詞包括:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
它們經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在詞組中,如:
by oneself, 通過某人自己
say to oneself, 自言自語
think to oneself, 自言自語
think of oneself, 想到某人自己
dress oneself, 給某人自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself, 玩兒的高興
teach oneself, 自學(xué)
learn by oneself, 自學(xué)
make oneself feel at home,使某人自己感覺賓至如歸
help oneself to + n.…, 隨便吃點(diǎn)兒
help oneself, 幫助某人自己
leave sb. by oneself, 把某人自己單獨(dú)留在家里
lose oneself in/into…, 把某人自己沉浸在……
look after oneself, 照料自己
take care of oneself照料自己
三. 不定代詞
不定代詞包括:some, any, many, much, little, few, a little, a few, every, each, both, either, neither, all, none, other, another, no, one以及由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,例如:someone, anything等。
不定代詞的用法 :
1. one, some與any
(1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問句和否定句。
(2) some可用于疑問句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù),或者表示建議,請求等。Would you like some bananas?
Could you give me some money?
(3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),some表示某個(gè),any表示任何一個(gè)。 I have read this article in some magazine.
Please correct the mistakes, if any.
2. each和every
each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別,代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary.
/ Each (of us) has a dictionary.
/ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no
no等于not any,作定語。none作主語或賓語,代替不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù),代替可數(shù)名詞,謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle?
None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another
(1) other泛指“另外的,別的”
the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè),復(fù)數(shù)為the others。
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. (2) another指“又一個(gè),另一個(gè)”無所指,復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,泛指“別的人或事”
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either all表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 both和all加否定詞表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English.
/ Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers.
/ Not both of us are teachers.
/ Either of us is a teacher.
6. little 幾乎沒有 修飾 不可數(shù)名詞
a little 一些 修飾 不可數(shù)名詞
few 幾乎沒有 修飾 可數(shù)名詞
a few 一些 修飾 可數(shù)名詞
代詞填空題練習(xí)
1.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed __________ very much. (them)
答案:themselves
解析句意:上周,學(xué)生們?nèi)セ瞬⑶彝娴梅浅i_心。enjoy oneself玩得開心,因主語為the students,故填themselves。
2.On my last birthday, my brother bought _____ a book as a gift.(I)
答案:me
解析句意:在我的上一個(gè)生日,我的哥哥給買了一本書作為禮物。bought是動(dòng)詞,后面跟代詞賓格形式作賓語,I的賓格形式為me。故填me。
3.So far, our football team has won every match this year. That makes _____ feel proud.(we)
答案:us
解析句意:至今,我們的足球隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了,今年的每場比賽。這令我們驕傲。make為動(dòng)詞,后面跟代詞賓格形式作賓語,we的賓格形式是us。故填us。
4. Your classroom is on the second floor and ______ is on the third floor.(we)
答案:ours
解析句意:你們的教室在二樓,____在三樓。根據(jù)and可知,前后都指教室。此處指我們的教室,題干沒有出現(xiàn)classroom,所以要用名詞性物主代詞ours,故填ours。
5. The two girls helped a woman find her lost son on _______ way home. (they)
答案:their
解析句意:在____回家的路上,這兩個(gè)女孩幫助一位女士找到了她走失的兒子。on one's way home,意為“在某人回家的路上”,they的形容詞性物主代詞為their。故填their。
6.We shouldn’t take these game shows too seriously while watching _____.(they)
答案:them
解析句意:當(dāng)我們觀看這些游戲節(jié)目時(shí),我們不應(yīng)該太嚴(yán)肅地看待。動(dòng)詞后跟人稱代詞賓格形式,故填them。
7.If you are visiting a patient in hospital, you’d better keep ______ voice down and do not disturb others.(you)
答案:your
解析句意:如果你正在看望住院的病人,你最好把____聲音放低,不要打擾其他人。根據(jù)句意可知此處是指“你的”聲音, 應(yīng)用you的形容詞性物主代詞。故填your。
8.To _____ surprise, all my friends came to my birthday party. (I)
答案:my
解析句意:令____驚喜的是,我所有的朋友都來我的生日聚會了。to one’s surprise意為“令某人驚訝的是”,應(yīng)填形容詞性物主代詞。故填my。
代詞在句子中的運(yùn)用
it的常用句型
(1)作形式主語:It is+ adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.對某人來說做某事是怎么樣的。
It takes/took sb.some time/money to do sth.
做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間/金錢。It’s+adj.+that從句。
(2)作形式賓語:常用在動(dòng)詞find, think, make, consider, feel等詞后。
代詞在選擇題中的運(yùn)用及習(xí)題
當(dāng)選項(xiàng)同為人稱代詞(I,she, you, he),物主代詞(my, his, her, your)或反身代詞(himself, herself, myself, yourself)時(shí),根據(jù)句子中的提示詞或已給出的人稱來判斷空格處相應(yīng)的代詞。
如:能代表第三人稱she以及相關(guān)形式的提示詞有:lady, woman, mother, Miss, Mrs., sister, aunt, Lily, girl等等;
能代表第三人稱he以及相關(guān)形式的提示詞有:gentleman, man, father, Mr., brother, uncle, boy等等
1—Excuse me, what’s your name?—_____ name is Betty.
A. My B. His C. Her D. Your
答案:A
解析:考查物主代詞詞義辨析。句意“打擾一下,請問你叫什么名字?”“____名字是貝蒂。”四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都為形容詞性物主代詞。根據(jù)句子中的”your”可知,問的對象是你,所以回合時(shí)主語應(yīng)該是“我”,此處是指“我的名字是貝蒂”。故選A。
2.Each time I listen to Erquan Yingyue, a picture of _____ sad beauty appears in my mind.
A. it B. its C. it’s D. itself
答案:B
解析:考查代詞的用法。句意為:每次我聽《二泉映月》時(shí)一幅凄美的畫面就出現(xiàn)在我的腦海里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),空格處需修飾限定后面的名詞beauty,故用形容詞性物主代詞its。故選B。
3.Help _____ to food and drinks, boys and girls!
A. yours B. you C. your D. yourselves
答案:D
解析:考查人稱代詞詞義辨析。句意:男孩和女孩們!隨意吃食物、喝飲料吧!help oneself to請自取……。再根據(jù)boys and girls可知為復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選D。
4.Miss Zhang is _____ English teacher. She has taught in our school for ten years.
A. me B. my C. I D. mine
答案:B
解析:考查人稱代詞詞義辨析。句意為:張小姐是____英語老師。她在我們學(xué)校教書10年了。根據(jù)句意可知此處是指“我的”英語老師,需用I的形容詞性物主代詞my修飾。故選B。
5.This morning I forgot to bring food. And it’s kind of you to share _____ with me.
A. you B. yours C. my D. mine
答案:B
解析:考查人稱代詞詞義辨析。句意為:今天早晨我忘記帶食物了。你真好,和我分享____。you你(們),人稱代詞主格或賓格;yours你(們)的,名詞性物主代詞;my我的,形容詞性物主代詞;mine我的,名詞性物主代詞。由句意可知,空格處指物,故應(yīng)用能夠替代 your food的名詞性物主代詞。故選B。
6.Whenever Mary reads an interesting story, she can’t keep it to _____ and wants to share it with her friends.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
答案:D
解析:考查人稱代詞詞義辨析。句意為:無論什么時(shí)候瑪麗讀到一則有趣的故事,她都不能獨(dú)享,并且想跟她的朋友們分享。she她,代詞主格;her她,人物代詞賓格或形容詞性物主代詞;hers她的,名詞性物主代詞;herself她自己,反身代詞。keep… to oneself為固定用法,意為“保守秘密”,故選D。
7.—Which city would you like to live in, Beijing or Shanghai? —____. I’d like to choose Kunming.
A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None
答案:C
解析:考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意“你想住在哪座城市,北京還是上海?”“____。我會選擇昆明。”Either二者之一;Both二者都;Neither二者都不;None沒有一個(gè),常指對三者或三者以上事物或人的否定。從“I’d like to choose Kunming.”可知是對前面兩座城市的否定。因此,Neither符合語境。故選C。
8.—Can you speak Chinese, Steve?
—Yes, only ____. I have been in China for only one month.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
答案:D
解析:考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“史蒂夫,你會說漢語嗎?”“是的,只____。我在中國僅僅待了一個(gè)月。”few幾乎沒有(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù));a few一些、幾個(gè)(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù));little幾乎沒有(修飾不可數(shù)名詞);a little一點(diǎn)兒(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)。根據(jù)答語“Yes”以及“I have been in China for only one month.” 可知他會說,但會得不多,漢語是不可數(shù)名詞,所以用a little。故選D。
9.—How did you get the MP4, from a shop or by phone?
— ____. I always like shopping online.
A. None B. Neither C. Both D. All
答案:B
解析:考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“你是如何買的這個(gè)MP4,從商店還是通過電話?” “____。我總是喜歡網(wǎng)購。”None(三者或三者以上)都不;Neither兩者都不;Both兩者都;All(三者或三者以上)都。根據(jù)答語 “I always like shopping online.”可推知既不是從商店買的,也不是通過電話買的,二者都不是。故選B。
10.—Would you like to play basketball or football?
— ____ is OK. I am good at both of them, so it’s up to you.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All
答案:A
解析:考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意:這道題是這么難,以至于____學(xué)生能回答上來。根據(jù)前【解析】考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“你想打籃球還是踢足球?”都可以。兩個(gè)我都擅長,所以你決定。Either表示兩者中任意一者;Neither表示兩者都不;Both表示兩者都;All表示三者或三者以上都。根據(jù)答語“I am good at both of them, so it’s up to you.”可知,此處表示兩者中任意一個(gè)都可以。故選A。文“so difficult”可知后半句表示否定含義,且students為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故選A。
11—I don’t know how to do. Any good suggestions?
—Don’t always think of yourself, and you should also think of ____. A. the other B. another C. others D. other
答案:C
解析:考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“我不知道該怎么做。(你)有好的建議嗎?” “不要總想著你自己,你應(yīng)該為____著想。” the other兩者中的另一個(gè);another三者及三者以上的另一個(gè);others其他的人/物;other別的,其他的。根據(jù)句意可知此處指“其他人”。故選C。
12.My twin brothers promised my parents to give up playing computer games, but ____ of them made it.
A. either B. both C. none D. neither
答案:D
解析:考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為:我的兩個(gè)雙胞胎哥哥(弟弟)向我的父母許諾放棄玩電腦游戲,但是他們____做到。either表示兩者中的任何一個(gè);both表示兩者都;none表示三者或三者以上都不;neither表示兩者都不。根據(jù)本句中關(guān)鍵詞twin brothers可知是兩個(gè)人,所以首先排除C,同時(shí)由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知兩個(gè)哥哥(弟弟)都沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的諾言。故選D。
13.Most students are playing on the playground and there are still ____ students staying in the classroom.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
答案:A
解析:考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意:大部分學(xué)生正在操場上玩,還有____學(xué)生待在教室。a few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),表肯定;few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),表否定;a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表肯定;little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表否定。由句意可知是指“還有一些學(xué)生待在教室里”。故選A。
14.____ of my time is spent on learning. So I have made much progress in my study.
A. Many B. Much C. Few D. A few
答案:B
解析:考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為:我大多數(shù)的時(shí)間都花費(fèi)在學(xué)習(xí)上。所以我在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了很大進(jìn)步。time為不可數(shù)名詞,故選B。
15.There is ___ juice in the fridge. I must go to the supermarket at once to buy some.
A. much B. a few C. little D. many
答案:C
解析:考查普通不定代詞詞義辨析。句意:冰箱里 果汁。我必須立即去超市買一些。根據(jù)后一句“立即去超市買一些”可知,冰箱里幾乎沒有果汁了,表示否定意義,juice為不可數(shù)名詞。故選C。
16.—It’s sunny outside. Why not go out and have a look? —There ____ is here. I just want to have a rest.
A. nothing special B. something new
C. everything amazing D. anything similar
答案:A
解析:考查復(fù)合不定代詞的用法。句意“外邊天氣晴朗。為什么不出去看看呢?”“這里____。我只想休息一下。”nothing special沒什么特別的;something new一些新的東西;everything amazing令人驚奇的事情;anything similar任何相似的事情。根據(jù)后句“I just want to have a rest.我只想休息一下。(不想去看)”可知此處表達(dá)沒什么特別的。故選A。
17.—Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival?
—I’d like to go ____.
A. everywhere relaxing B. somewhere relaxing
C. peaceful anywhere D. peaceful somewhere
答案:B
解析:考查復(fù)合不定副詞的用法。句意“這個(gè)中秋節(jié)你想去哪里?”“我想去____。”地點(diǎn)副詞與形容詞連用時(shí),形容詞后置,排除選項(xiàng)C、D。everywhere relaxing使人放松的每個(gè)地方;somewhere relaxing使人放松的某個(gè)地方。結(jié)合句意可知選B。
18.—Much personal information is stolen when people buy things on the Internet.
—Terrible! _____ must be done to keep the Internet safety.
A. Everything B. Anything C. Something D. Nothing
答案:C
解析:考查復(fù)合不定代詞詞義辨析。句意為“許多用戶的信息在他們網(wǎng)上購物時(shí)被竊取了。”“真糟糕!____必須做 來保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。”Everything每件事;Anything任何事;Something一些事;Nothing沒有事。根據(jù)語境及常理可知應(yīng)該做一些事來保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。故選C。
19.I find ____ necessary to learn about the customs of a country before you go there.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
答案:C
解析:考查指示代詞的用法。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)在去一個(gè)國家前,學(xué)習(xí)那個(gè)國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣很有必要。that那,那個(gè),表遠(yuǎn)指;this這,這個(gè),表近指;it它,指代上文提到的對象;one一件,代表與上文同一類但不同一的事物。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)是固定句型:find + it + adj. + to do sth.,表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事……”,其中it是形式賓語,動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的賓語。故選C。
20—Hello, Linda speaking. Who’s ____?
—Hello, this is Martin.
A. it B. one C. that D. this
答案:C
解析:考查指示代詞的用法。句意為“你好,我是琳達(dá)。____是誰?”“你好,我是馬丁。”打電話,詢問對方是誰用that,故選C。
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