中考英語 | 語法填空專練 (1-5)+答案解析

日期：2023-08-28 15:20 點(diǎn)擊：

1．閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式。 

    Friends are important to everyone, ________, some people may have trouble ________ （keep） their friendships. Here are some tips on how to make your friendship ________ （deep） and stronger.

    ★Be yourself. A lot of teens try not to lose the friendship once they become friends with some people. Though your identity （身份） is always changing, some of your personality will stay pretty much ________ same. Find out ________ those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself ________ （honest） to the people around you.

    ★Avoid gossip （八卦）. Friends shouldn't spread rumors （謠言） about other friends. If you've heard something bad about your friends, ________ （find） a proper way of asking them about it by ________ （you）. If you're not sure how to talk to them about it, ask a trusted friend for advice.

    ★Protect your friends. Very often, somebody that you're not close to doubts one of your ________ （friend）. It's important to find out both sides of the story, but it's also a good chance to show your friend that you trust him by telling him.

    ★Return the care. There are times when a friend will lend you a textbook, or a shoulder to cry on. A good friend will cheer you up when you're in trouble and listen patiently when your friend shares a problem ________ you. Be sure you are as helpful as your friend, because he will take notice and feel good you.

【答案】 however；keeping；deeper；the；what；honest；find；yourself；friends；with  

【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要提出了使友誼變得深厚、堅(jiān)固的四個建議。

 （1）句意：然而，有些人可能在保持友誼上有麻煩。根據(jù)上文 Friends are important to everyone 朋友對每個人都很重要，可知此處為轉(zhuǎn)折，然而有些人可能在保持友誼上有麻煩，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞however。故答案為however。

 （2）句意：有些人可能在保持友誼上有麻煩。根據(jù)固定搭配have trouble doing sth.做某事有麻煩，可知此處應(yīng)用動詞keep的ing形式keeping。故答案為keeping。

 （3）句意：這里有一些在如何使你的友誼更深厚、更堅(jiān)固的提示。根據(jù)并列形容詞比較級stronger更堅(jiān)固，可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞deep的比較級deeper。故答案為deeper。

 （4）句意：盡管你的身份總是在改變，你的一些性格基本上會保持一樣。根據(jù)形容詞same，一樣的，可知此處應(yīng)填定冠詞the。故答案為the。

 （5）句意：找到那些東西是什么。根據(jù)賓語those things，那些動詞，可知應(yīng)用疑問詞what。故答案為what。

 （6）句意：然后向你周圍的人誠實(shí)地展示你自己。根據(jù)副詞修飾動詞，可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞honest的副詞形式honestly修飾動詞show。故答案為honestly。

 （7）句意：找到一個合適的方式問他們。根據(jù)下文 If you're not sure how to talk to them about it, ask a trusted friend for advice. 如果你不確定如何和他們討論，問一個你信任的朋友要建議，可知此處應(yīng)用動詞原形引導(dǎo)祈使句表勸告。故答案為find。

 （8）句意：找到一個合適的方式自己問他們。根據(jù)固定搭配，by oneself，自己，可知應(yīng)用代詞you的反身代詞yourself，故答案為yourself。

 （9）句意：某個你不親近的朋友懷疑你的一個朋友。根據(jù)固定搭配，one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) ，可知此處應(yīng)填名詞friend的復(fù)數(shù)形式friends，故答案為friends。

 （10）句意：當(dāng)你的朋友和你分享一個問題。根據(jù)固定搭配，share sth. with sb.，和某人分享某物，可知此處應(yīng)填介詞with，故答案為with。

【點(diǎn)評】考查語法填空，注意根據(jù)單詞在語境中的詞性進(jìn)行必要的變形，同時(shí)熟記固定搭配和基本句型。

 

2．閱讀下面的短文，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式。 

    A wealthy old man lived alone in a big house. He was growing ________ （weak） day by day. Since he was unable to look after ________ （him）, he decided to hire （雇傭） a nurse to take care ________ him.

    One day, the old man interviewed two ________ （nurse）—Anthony and Peter. Anthony was a handsome young man while Peter looked quite ordinary. The old man asked Anthony to make tea for him. After Anthony left, the old man turned to Peter and said, "Anthony has ________ （give） me a very bad account of you. He said you are rude and untrustworthy. Is this correct?"

    Peter thought for a minute and said, "________ Anthony has a bad opinion of me, there must be something wrong with me. I should take some time to change these things."

    The old man was very impressed by Peter's words. At the same time, Anthony came back with ________ cup of tea for the old man.

    The old man sent Peter to make breakfast for him. He then returned to Anthony and told him. "Peter spoke very poorly of you while you were gone. ________ do you think about this?" After hearing this, Anthony shouted ________ （angry）.

    In the end, Peter ________ （choose）. Peter looked quite common, but he had impressive inner beauty.

【答案】 weaker；himself；of；nurses；given；If；a；What；angrily；was chosen  

【解析】【分析】本文介紹了一個老人在錄用護(hù)士時(shí)，故意挑起對方的矛盾，通過兩人截然不同的反應(yīng)，從而判斷誰適合。

 （1）句意： 他一天比一天虛弱。weak是形容詞，形容詞修飾系動詞grow，根據(jù)day by day可知是比較級weaker，故填 weaker。

 （2）句意： 因?yàn)樗荒苷疹欁约?，他決定雇一個護(hù)士來照顧他。look after oneself，照顧自己，主語是he，故反身代詞是himself，故填 himself。

 （3）句意：因?yàn)樗荒苷疹欁约?，他決定雇一個護(hù)士來照顧他。take care of，固定搭配，照顧，故填of 。

 （4）句意：一天，老人面試兩個護(hù)士—— Anthony and Peter 。two后是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)習(xí)，nurse，是可數(shù)名詞，故填nurses。

 （5）句意： 安東尼對你的評價(jià)很差。根據(jù)助動詞has可知此處是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填過去分詞，give的過去分詞是given，故填given 。

 （6）句意：如果安東尼對我有看法，我一定有什么問題。此處是條件狀語從句，故是引導(dǎo)詞if，如果，故填I(lǐng)f。

 （7）句意：同時(shí)，安東尼給老人端了杯茶回來。cup是名詞單數(shù)，以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a表示泛指，a cup of，固定搭配，一杯……，故填a。

 （8）句意：你對此怎么想？此處是特殊疑問句，think后缺少賓語，故用what提問，故填What。

 （9）句意：聽到這，安東尼生氣地大喊。副詞修飾動詞shouted，angrily，是副詞，生氣地，故填angrily。

 （10）句意：最后，Peter被錄用。根據(jù) Peter looked quite common  ， 可知時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，choose與主語Peter是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故助動詞是was，choose的過去分詞是chosen，故填 was chosen 。

 【點(diǎn)評】考查語法填空，注意調(diào)整詞性，時(shí)態(tài)，主謂一致和名詞的數(shù)等。

 

3．語法填空 

    From deserts and beaches to playgrounds, sand is a common sight. But you might not know that sand is also a useful resource. Sand is the second most-used resource in the world after water, the BBC reported. However, the UN said that sand is not limitless and that we might be running out of ________.

    Sand is made up of very small ________ （piece） of rock, soil and minerals（礦物質(zhì)）. It can take tens of thousands of years to form. But now we are using sand more________ （quick） than it is being formed. According to the BBC, we use about 15 billion tons of sand every year ________ build houses, roads and other things. People also put sand in the________ [si:] to make new islands. For example, the Palm islands are made up of three________ [lɑ?d?] man-made islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In 2010, they ________ （take） 94 million cubic meters of sand to build. If people keep________（use） this much sand, it will run out in many places. For example, Vietnam may run out of construction sand by 2020, Live Science noted.

    ________ [sins] people need so much sand, they are trying to mine（開采） more of it. But this is bad for the environment. Mining sand may ________ beaches to disappear and more floods to happen in places close to the sea. Also, this may affect the habitats （棲息地） of many plants and animals.

【答案】 it；pieces；quickly；to；sea；large；took；using；Since；cause  

【解析】【分析】大意：本文主要介紹了沙子這種常見的景觀。

 （1）句意：然而，聯(lián)合國說，沙子并不是無限的，我們有可能會用完它們。run out of“用完，用盡”的意思。這里用it來指代上文的沙子（sand是不可數(shù)名詞）。故答案為：it。

 （2）句意：沙子由非常小的巖石、土壤和礦物質(zhì)組成。根據(jù)rock, soil and minerals（礦物質(zhì)）可知，這是幾種成分，因此piece用復(fù)數(shù)pieces。故答案為：pieces。

 （3）句意：但現(xiàn)在我們使用沙子的速度比它形成的速度要快。根據(jù)副詞修飾動詞可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞quick的副詞形式quickly修飾動詞use“使用”。故答案為：quickly。

 （4）句意：據(jù)英國廣播公司報(bào)道，我們每年用大約150億噸沙子建造房屋、道路和其他東西。根據(jù)固定搭配 use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某物，可知此處用動詞不定式to do做目的狀語。故答案為：to。

 （5）句意：人們還把沙子放進(jìn)海里，制造新的島嶼。由語境和音標(biāo)[si:]提示可知，填：sea。故答案為：sea。

 （6）句意：例如，棕櫚島由阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國迪拜的三個大型人工島嶼組成的。由語境和音標(biāo)[lɑ?d?]提示可知，填：large，three large man-made islands三個大型的人工島嶼。故答案為：large。

 （7）句意：2010年，他們用9400萬立方米的沙子建造。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語In 2010可知，本題的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。動詞take的過去式為took。故答案為：took。

 （8）句意：如果人們繼續(xù)使用這么多沙子，它會在很多地方用完。根據(jù)固定搭配keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事，可知此處應(yīng)用動名詞做賓語，動詞use的動名詞為using。故答案為：using。

 （9）句意：由于人們需要這么多沙子，他們正試圖開采更多的沙子。由語境和音標(biāo) [sins] 提示可知，填：since，表自……以來、因?yàn)?、由于。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故答案為：Since。

 （10）句意：開采沙可能會導(dǎo)致海灘消失，在靠近大海的地方會發(fā)生更多的洪水。根據(jù)beaches to disappear and more floods to happen in places close to the sea海灘消失，在靠近大海的地方會發(fā)生更多的洪水，可知這些是開采沙所導(dǎo)致的后果，因此填：cause。may是情態(tài)動詞，后跟動詞原形。故答案為：cause。

 【點(diǎn)評】考查語法填空，注意根據(jù)單詞在語境中的詞性進(jìn)行必要的變形，同時(shí)熟記固定搭配和基本句型。

 

4．閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式（每空最多不超過3個單詞）。 

    Thomas Edison was a great American ________ （invent）.When he was________child, he was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. No matter________ hard it was, he never gave up.

    Young Tom was in school for only three ________ （month）. His teacher didn't understand why he had so many strange questions. Most of ________（they） were not about his lessons. The teacher didn't want to teach Tom any more. He asked Tom's mother to take the boy home. Tom's mother taught him ________ （read） and write, and she found him a very good student. He learnt very fast and became very ________（interest） in science.

    One day, he saw a little boy ________（play） on the railway tracks （鐵軌） at a station. A train was coming near quickly, and the boy was too frightened （恐懼） to move. Edison rushed out and took him away ________ （safe）. The boy's father was so thankful that he taught Edison to send messages ________telegraph （電報(bào)）.

【答案】 inventor；a；how；months；them；to read；interested；playing；safely；by  

【解析】【分析】這篇短文簡要介紹了著名發(fā)明家愛迪生的生平，他因?yàn)榘l(fā)明了電燈，從而改變了人們的生活。并且短文詳細(xì)描述了愛迪生的人格特點(diǎn)。

 （1）句意：托馬斯·愛迪生是一位偉大的美國發(fā)明家。根據(jù) a great American是形容詞，故前后是名詞單數(shù)，invent是動詞，名詞是inventor。故填inventor。

 （2）句意：當(dāng)他還是個孩子的時(shí)候，他總是問問題。child是以輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞，故用不定冠詞a表示泛指。故填a。

 （3）句意：無論多么困難，他都不會放棄。hard是副詞，根據(jù)語序it was可知，no matter how表示"無論如何"的意思，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故填how。

 （4）句意：小湯姆只上了三個月的學(xué)?；鶖?shù)詞three后用復(fù)試形式months。故填months。

 （5）句意：他問的問題大部分都與他的功課無關(guān)。of是介詞，其后應(yīng)該要用賓格形式，they的賓格是them。故填them。

 （6）句意：湯姆的母親教他讀寫。taught是teach的過去式，教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.，故填to read。

 （7）句意：她媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個很好的學(xué)生。他學(xué)得很快，對科學(xué)很感興趣。對什么感興趣be interested in sth.是個固定短語搭配。故填interested。

 （8）句意：一天，他看到一個小男孩在火車站的鐵軌上玩耍。saw是see的過去式，看到某人在做某事應(yīng)為see sb. doing sth.，故填playing。

 （9）句意：一列火車很快就要開過來了，男孩嚇得不敢動。愛迪生沖過去把他帶到了安全的地方。took是take的過去式，take是動詞應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾，safe是形容詞，副詞是safety。故填safely。

 （10）句意：這個男孩的父親非常感激愛迪生，教他用電報(bào)發(fā)送消息。by通過某種方法、手段。表示傳達(dá)、傳遞的方式或媒介。故填by。

 【點(diǎn)評】考查語言綜合運(yùn)用能力，注意名詞復(fù)數(shù)，詞性，介詞，和see sb. doing sth的固定搭配等多種用法。

 

5．閱讀下面短文，用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，必要時(shí)可加助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。 

    People spend almost a third of their lives doing one thing—sleeping. Every year, there is a day for people around the world to celebrate the ________ （important） of good and healthy sleep—World Sleep Day.

    Sleep is like food for the brain. Healthy sleep helps the body and brain grow and develop. People of different ages need different amounts of sleep. It is said that eight hours per night ________ （consider） the average amount of sleep. For students aged 10 to 17, a healthy amount is about eight to nine hours per night. However, last year, the China Youth and Children Research Center ________ （report） that about four ________ （five） of middle school students didn't get enough sleep. For some students, they want to sleep early, but they keep ________ （worry） about their schoolwork and can't fall ________ （sleep） quickly. A lack （缺乏） of sleep can greatly affect （影響） a person's life. Students who don't get enough sleep may get poor grades. They cannot pay attention in class or do well in sports.

    ________ （solve） this kind of problem, scientists advise that students should have ________ （little） schoolwork and more time to sleep. There are some other ways to help people get enough sleep, such as ________ （take） a 20-minute nap （午睡） during the day, trying to go to sleep earlier and so on . Good sleeping habits are also ________ （help）. For example, try to go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends and during the day.

【答案】 importance；is considered；reported；fifths；worrying/worried；asleep；To solve；less；taking；helpful  

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇與睡眠有關(guān)的短文，講述了睡眠與健康的關(guān)系，不同年齡的人需要不同的睡眠時(shí)間，中國青少年學(xué)生的睡眠現(xiàn)狀以及解決措施等。

 （1）句意：每年，世界各地都有一個節(jié)日來慶祝良好健康睡眠的重要性——世界睡眠日。由前面的定冠詞the，可知此處應(yīng)填入一個名詞，important是形容詞“重要的”，與其對應(yīng)的名詞是importance“重要”，故答案填importance。

 （2）句意：據(jù)說每晚8小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間被認(rèn)為是平均睡眠時(shí)間。由題干可知主語eight hours與動詞consider之間存在被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，文章時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)間作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)，所以be動詞用is，consider的過去分詞是considered，故答案填is considered。

 （3）句意：然而，去年中國青少年研究中心報(bào)道。由last year可知，動詞時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)，report的過去式為reported，故答案填reported。

 （4）句意：大約五分之四的中學(xué)生睡眠不足。這里考查分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)方法，在英語中一般用基數(shù)詞表示分?jǐn)?shù)的分子，用序數(shù)詞表示分?jǐn)?shù)的分母；當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分母要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以五分之四的正確書寫是four fifths，故答案填fifths。

 （5）句意：對于一些學(xué)生來說，他們想早點(diǎn)睡覺，但是他們總是擔(dān)心他們的學(xué)業(yè)。keep doing sth.或者keep+形容詞，都表示“使…處于某種狀態(tài)”，worried，是形容詞，故答案填worrying/worried。

 （6）句意：他們不能很快入睡。聯(lián)系上文語境，結(jié)合提示詞可知此處句意為“他們不能很快入睡。”“入睡”fall asleep，固定詞組，前面有情態(tài)動詞can't，所以這里用動詞原形，故答案填asleep。

 （7）句意：為了解決這類問題。這里應(yīng)用動詞不定式表示目的，故答案填To solve。

 （8）句意：科學(xué)家建議學(xué)生應(yīng)該少做功課，多睡覺。根據(jù)后面的more time to sleep可知此處應(yīng)表達(dá)的是“作更少的功課”，句中暗含比較級，little的比較級為less，故答案填less。

 （9）句意：比如白天小睡20分鐘。such as意思是“比如”，as是介詞后接動詞ing形式，故答案填taking。

 （10）句意：良好的睡眠習(xí)慣也很有幫助。前面有系動詞are，后接形容詞作表語，help“幫助”，動詞，與其對應(yīng)的形容詞是helpful“有幫助的、有益的”，故答案填helpful。

 【點(diǎn)評】考查語言綜合運(yùn)用能力，注意謂語的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，非謂語動詞，詞性，連詞搭配等多種用法。