日期:2024-09-24 10:21 點(diǎn)擊:
用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、建議等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形,句子沒(méi)有主語(yǔ),句末使用感嘆號(hào)或者句號(hào)。
例如:Open the door quickly! 快打開(kāi)門(mén)!
1. 祈使句的肯定句。
1)以系動(dòng)詞be開(kāi)頭的祈使句。
這種句式的結(jié)構(gòu)是:Be動(dòng)詞+其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)
例如:Be quiet / quick!
Be a good student! Be careful when crossing the street.
2)以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的祈使句。
這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:行為動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分。
例如:Come in, please!請(qǐng)進(jìn)!
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請(qǐng)起立。
3)let句型。
這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:Let’s / let us+動(dòng)詞原形;或者是Let + 賓語(yǔ)+其他。
Let’s play football! 我們一起踢足球吧!
Let me help you. 讓我來(lái)幫你。
2. 祈使句的否定句。
1)Don't + 動(dòng)詞原形。
Don't be careless. 別粗心。
Don’t be late again. 不要再遲到。
Don't let them play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。
Don’t look at your books. 不要看書(shū)。
2)Let引起的祈使句的否定形式。
a. Let's ( Let sb. ) + not + 動(dòng)詞原形。
Let's not say anything about it. 對(duì)于這件事,咱們什么也別說(shuō)。
Let them not play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。
b. Don’t+ let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。
Don’t let Jim do that. 別讓吉姆做那事。
Don’t let us go, please. 請(qǐng)不要讓我們走。
3)在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中,否定祈使句常用“No+名詞 / V-ing形式”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“禁止做某事”。
例如:NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!No parking! 禁止停車(chē)!
3.祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句。
1)肯定祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分用will you 或won't you。
Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 請(qǐng)把門(mén)打開(kāi),好嗎?
Be sure to write to us, will/ won’t you? 你一定要給我們寫(xiě)信,好嗎?
2)否定祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分只用will you。
Don't be late again, will you? 別再遲到了,行不行?
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在會(huì)議室抽煙,好嗎?
3)以let's開(kāi)頭的祈使句反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分用shall we。
Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我們把電視打開(kāi),好嗎?
以let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句的反問(wèn)部分應(yīng)為will you或won't you.
例如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 請(qǐng)(你)讓我們留在這好嗎?
4. 祈使句的回答。
祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以回答祈使句時(shí),一般用will或won’t。
在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時(shí),要注意兩點(diǎn):
1) 形式一致:即Yes與will保持一致;No與won’t保持一致。
2) 意思相反:即Yes是 “不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。
在回答時(shí),要注意分析上下文語(yǔ)境中所提供的條件。例如:
-Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.
請(qǐng)不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
-Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.
不行,我得去機(jī)場(chǎng)接我弟弟
5. 祈使句使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。
1)在表達(dá)請(qǐng)求或勸告時(shí),有時(shí)為了表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果please加在句末,應(yīng)用逗號(hào)將其與前面的部分隔開(kāi)。
例如:Sit down, please. 請(qǐng)坐。
Please look after the twins. 請(qǐng)照顧一下雙胞胎。
2)在意思比較明顯的情況下,可以把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞省略。
例如:This way, please. 請(qǐng)這邊走。
3)有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,可以在動(dòng)詞前使用do.
例如:Do be careful!一定要小心!
4)有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)方,也可加上主語(yǔ)you,人名或everybody, anybody等不定代詞。
例如:You sweep the floor and I clean the window. 你來(lái)掃地我來(lái)擦窗戶(hù)。
Stand up, everybody. 請(qǐng)大家起立。
5)有時(shí)為了明確向誰(shuí)提出請(qǐng)求或發(fā)出命令,可加稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ),但稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)要與句子用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 例如:
Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.
吉姆,把襯衫放床上。
Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇。
1. ______ with fire. It’s very dangerous.
A. Playing
B. Play
C. Don’t play
D. Doesn’t play
2.Don’t _____ the radio. The baby is sleeping.
A. turn off
B. turn on
C. turn over
D. turn down
3. _____ hard and you’ll make progress in English.
A. Work
B. To work
C. Working
D. Worked
4. _____ worried about me Mom. I’ve grown up.
A. Don’t
B. Don’t be
C. Not
D. Not be
5. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be
B. Don't be
C. Not be
D. Be not
6. _______ cross the road until(直到)the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not
B. Won't
C. Doesn't
D. Don't
7. Please help me carry it, ______?
A. will I
B. will you
C. shall I
D. shall we
8. Don't make so much noise, ______?
A. will you
B. won't you
C. shall we
D. do you
9. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. brings
C. to bring
D. bringing
10. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling
B. To tell
C. Told
D. Tell
【真題鏈接】
1. _______ on the grass, or it will “cry”.
A. To walk
B. Not to walk
C. Walk
D. Don’t walk
2. _______ swim in the river alone, Karen. It’s too dangerous.
A. Not
B. Don’t
C. Doesn’t
3. ________ along this street, and you can find the hotel on your right, next to the market.
A. Walk
B. To walk
C. Walks
D. Walking
4. Daniel,_______ play with the mobile phone while you’re walking in the street.
A. don’t
B. doesn’t
C. won’t
D. can’t
Ⅱ. 將以下祈使句改為否定式。 1. Come here early.
________________________ 2. Ask him.
_________________________ 3. Please wait for her.
___________________________ 4. Read the book carefully.
___________________________ 5. Sit under the tree, please.
_____________________________ 6. Let’s go there together.
_____________________________
Ⅲ. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
1. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改為祈使句)
_____ _____ again more slowly, please.
2. Let's watch the sports games. (改為反意疑問(wèn)句)
Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?
3. Please sit next to Nancy.(改為否定句)
_____ _____ next to Nancy.
4. Don't forget to turn off(關(guān)掉)the lights, please.(改為反意疑問(wèn)句)
Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?
5. Come to my house tomorrow.(改為反意疑問(wèn)句)
Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?
Ⅳ. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. It’s an important meeting. _______ (not, be)late.
2. _______ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. _______ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ______ (be) polite.
4. ________ ( not, talk) and ________ (read) aloud.
5. ________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. ________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you _______ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ________ (not, say) anything about it.
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