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初二語法 | 一般將來時

日期:2024-09-29 10:52 點擊:

一般將來時
 
1
概念引入
1.The spaceship will leave the Earth at 9  a. m. 宇宙飛船將在上午9:00離開地球。
2.It’ll take us to the Moon.它將把我們帶到月球。
3.When we arrive,I’m going to walk on the Moon.
當我們到達時,我將在月球上行走。
4.Are the dogs going to come with us? 狗和我們一起來嗎?
句1,2含有助動詞will,句3,4含有be going to結構,這四句話都是一般將來時。本單元我們主要學習will和be going to構成的一般將來時。
 
2
用法講解
一、基本概念
表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用。例如:
I am going to / will watch a football match on TV this evening.
今天晚上我將在電視上看一場足球比賽。
 
二、基本結構
一般將來時的結構一般由“助動詞will+動詞原形”或“be going to+動詞原形”構成。will是助動詞,不能獨立使用,前面的主語不管是什么人稱,其后總用will。在名詞或代詞后常簡縮為’ll,并與主語連寫在一起。will的否定形式是will not,縮略形式是won’t。
 
三、時間狀語
一般將來時常用的時間狀語:tomorrow, tonight, the day after tomorrow, next week (month, year …), this afternoon, evening …, soon, in the year 2010, in + 時間段等。例如:
Tom will come back in two days.湯姆兩天后回來。
I’ll be more careful from now on.從現(xiàn)在起我會更加小心的。
 
四、基本句型
 (1)肯定句
1)主語+will+動詞原形+其他
He will come here at once.他馬上來這兒。
 2)主語+be going to+動詞原形+其他
We are going to climb the hill this afternoon.
我們打算今天下午去爬山。
 
  (2)否定句
1)主語+ will + not + 動詞原形+其他
He will not(won’t)go to the party.他不去參加聚會。
2)主語+be + not + going to+動詞原形+其他
He isn’t going to do morning exercises tomorrow.明天他不去做早操。
 
(3)一般疑問句
1)Will+主語+動詞原形+其他?
Will he help you with your English? 他會幫助你學習英語嗎?
2)Be動詞(Am,Is,Are)+主語+going to+動詞原形+其他?
Are you going to play computer games tomorrow afternoon?
你打算明天下午玩電腦游戲嗎?
 
(4)特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句?
—What will the students have for lunch today? 學生們今天午飯吃什么?
—They will have bread.他們將吃面包。
 
五、注意的問題:
(1)主語是第一人稱I; we 時,常用助動詞 shall + 動詞原形。例如:
We shall be very happy if you accept it. 
如果你接受了它,我們將會很高興。
I shall write you a letter next month. 
下個月我會給你寫信。
(2)在問對方是否愿意, 或表示客氣的邀請時,常用 will。例如:
Will you go to the zoo with me? 你愿意和我去動物園嗎?
Will you please open the door? 請打開門好嗎?
(3)在表示建議或征求對方意見時,用 shall。例如:
Shall we go at ten?  我們在10:00走好嗎?
 
六、There be句型與含有will和be going to的一般將來時
(1)There be句型與含有will的一般將來時基本結構:
There will be +名詞+其他成分,例如:
There will be only one country in the future. 未來會只有一個國家。
 
(2)There be句型與含有be going to的一般將來時基本結構:
There is / are going to be +名詞+其他成分(注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改為have。) 常用來表示將有某事發(fā)生。例如:
There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.
下周六我們學校將有一場足球比賽。 

注意:無論后面加單數(shù)名詞或名詞的復數(shù)形式,be都必須用原形。
 
七、be going to與will 的區(qū)別:
(1)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情,will 表示的將來時間則較遠一些。例如:
He is going to write a letter tonight. 今晚他打算寫一封信。
He will write a book one day. 有一天他會寫一本書。
 
(2)be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情,will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。例如:
I think our team is going to win the game. 我認為我們隊會贏得比賽。
He will be twenty years old next year. 明年他就20歲了。
 
(3)be going to含有“計劃,準備”的意思,而will則沒有這個意思。例如:
I’m going to spend my holiday in a village. 我打算在一個小村子里度假。
He will be here in half an hour. 他一小時后到達這里。
 
(4)在有條件從句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用will。例如:
We’ll have a picnic if my father is free. 如果我父親有空,我們會去野餐。
 
(5)be going to 表示根據(jù)目前跡象推斷將要發(fā)生的事情,而在沒有跡象表明的情況下進行的猜測用“will和be going to”皆可。例如:
Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。
My God! We are going to crash. 天哪!我們快撞車了。
I think the weather will be nice.
I think the weather is going to be nice.
我想天會晴朗。

 

 
圖片
鞏固練習
 
 
I. 選擇填空。
1. — You look excited.
 — Yes, I am. I _____ Jackie Chan’s new movie in Dalian this evening.
    A. was going to    
    B. went to    
    C. am going to    
    D. have gone to
2. There are many clouds coming. It _________  rain soon.
    A. will   
    B. is going to   
    C. looks like   
    D. likes
3. There _____ a talk show on CCTV-4 at nine this evening.
    A. will have    
    B. is going to be    
    C. is going to have    
    D. is having
4. — There _____ two football matches on TV tomorrow afternoon.
 — Really? That’s great.
    A. will have  
    B. are going to be  
    C. is going to be    
    D. are going to have
5. There is going to _____ a report ____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
    A. have, on     
    B. be, on     
    C. have, for     
    D. be, of
 
II. 完成句子,每空一詞。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I ______ _____ _______ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下個星期一你打算去干什么? 我想去打籃球。
What ______ ______ _______ _______ _______ next Monday?
I _____  ______  _____ play basketball.
3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎?是,她要去買一些水果。
_______ your mother ______ ______ go shopping this weekend?
Yes, she _______. She ______ _______ _______ buy some fruit.
4. 你們打算什么時候見面。
What time ______ you _______ _______ meet?
5. 如果天氣好,我們明天去釣魚。
If it _______ fine tomorrow, we _______ go fishing.
 
III. 句式轉換,每空一詞。
1. Nancy is going to go camping.(改為否定句)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
2. I’ll go and join them.(改為否定句)
I ______ go _____ join them.
3. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改為一般疑問句)
 _______ ______ ______ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
4. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改為一般疑問句)
______ _______ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?
5. She is going to listen to music after school.(對劃線部分提問)
_______  ______ she _______ _______ _______ after school?
6. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(對劃線部分提問)
_______  _______ ______ father and mother going to see a play?
7. We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday. (改為一般疑問句并作否定回答)
— _______ _______ going to play ping-pong on Saturday?
— _______, we _______.
8. He’s going to tell me all about it. (改為否定句)
 He _______ _______ going to tell me all about it.
9. She is going to work hard at English this term. (對劃線部分提問)
_______ she _______ this term?
10. They’re going to the Sun Island by bus. (對劃線部分提問)
_______ _______they _______ _______ the Sun Island?
11. The students of Class Three have a field trip on Sunday. (用next Sunday改寫)
The students of Class Three _______ _______ _______ _______ a field trip next Sunday.
12. Linda has lunch at school on Tuesday. (用next Tuesday改寫)
Linda _______ _______ _______ _______ lunch at school next Tuesday.
 
IV. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. Today is a sunny day. We are __________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
2. Tom often ____________(go) to school on foot. But today is raining.
3. ­—What do you usually do at weekends?
—I usually __________ (watch) TV and __________(catch) insects(昆蟲)?
4. —It’s Friday today. What is she going to do this weekend?
   —She ______________ (watch) TV and _________ (catch) insects.
5. —What ______________ (do) next Sunday?
—I ______________ (milk) cows.
6. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

 

 
 

參考答案

I. 選擇填空。
1. C。本題考查時態(tài),根據(jù)時間狀語this evening可知用一般將來時。A 項為過去將來時,不符合句意;B/D兩項均表示“去了”;只有C項表示“將來去”,故選C。
2. B。本題考查be going to 與 will 的區(qū)別。句末有soon,句子用將來時,可排除C、D 兩項。有某種跡象判斷可能發(fā)生的事情用be going to表示將來。
3. B。有時間狀語可知用將來時。there be 句型的一般將來時為:there will be 或there is going
to be,故選B。 
4. B。此題考查there be結構的將來時,后接名詞復數(shù),謂語動詞用are。
5. B??疾閠here be句型的將來時用be going to do形式;on 表示“關于、有關”。
II. 完成句子,每空一詞。
1. am going to    
2. are you going to do;am going to   
3. Is; going to; is; is going to
4. are, going to    5. is; will
III. 句式轉換,每空一詞。
1. isn’t      2. won’t; or  
3. Are you going  
4. Will you  
5. What is; going to do
6. When are your   
7. Are you; No, aren’t    
8. is not   9. What’s, going to do
10. How are, going to   
11. are going to have   
12. is going to have
IV. 用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1. going to have  2. goes  
3. watch; catch  
4. is going to watch; catch
5. are you going to do\will you do; am going to milk\will  
6. is going to visit\will visit

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