考點總結(jié)!虛擬語氣在高考英語中最常見的幾種形式

日期：2018-06-22 15:44 點擊：

虛擬語氣是謂語動詞的一種形式，用于表示所說的話不是事實(甚至與事實相反)，而是一種不可能實現(xiàn)或者實現(xiàn)的可能性較小的主觀愿望、建議或假設(shè)。以下是根據(jù)高考中虛擬語氣的常見考點，對其用法進(jìn)行的小結(jié)。

一、虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的應(yīng)用

1. 虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句中的應(yīng)用

If引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句的謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)時間的不同而與主句謂語動詞保持形式上的呼應(yīng)，其謂語動詞形式的對應(yīng)情況如下表所示：

例如：If it hadn’t been for your wise decision, we wouldn’t have achieved so much in

our work.

If I were you, I would give up the plan.

If it were to (should ) be sunny tomorrow, they could go out for a picnic.

注意：①當(dāng)非真實條件句中含有had, should或were時，可以省略if并采用倒裝語序。

例如：Hadn’t it been for your wise decision, we wouldn’t have achieved so much in our work..

Were I you, I would give up the plan.

Should it be sunny tomorrow, they could go out for a picnic.

②當(dāng)虛擬條件句與主句的時間不一致時，應(yīng)根據(jù)各自的時間采用上表所對應(yīng)的謂語動詞形式。

例如：If you hadn’t stayed up too late last night, you wouldn’t feel so sleepy now.

If I had gone to study at the normal university, I would be a teacher now.

③if only引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句或表示主觀愿望的感嘆句的謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)也參照表I所示。

例如：If only I had enough money, I could buy a big house.

If only you had accepted my advice, everything would have gone better.

If only I had got up a little earlier!

If only I went to Britain for further education next year!

2.as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在的情況，用過去完成時表示過去的情況，用would/could+do表示將來的情況。

例如：Lily speaks as if she were a Chinese.

They talked so much as if they hadn’t seen each other for more than one hundred years.

注意：如果as if, as though引導(dǎo)的從句所敘述的內(nèi)容接近事實或者實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，則不用虛擬語氣。

例如：There are so many dark clouds in the sky as if it is going to rain heavily.

3. lest, in case, for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句一般用(should)+do的虛擬

形式。

例如：Take an unbrella with you in case/lest it (should ) rain.

He put on a heavy coat for fear that he (should ) catch a cold.

二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用

1.表示要求、命令、建議、愿望等意義的動詞如suggest, insist, order, command, require, demand, request, advise以及它們的名詞形式所接的名詞性從句一般要用(should)+do的謂語動詞形式。

例如：Mr.Brown suggested that the plan (should be) kept secret.

It was suggested that the plan (should) be kept secret.

Mr Brown put forward the suggestion that the plan (should) be kept secret.

Mr Brown’s suggestion is that the plan ( should) be kept scret

It is advised that the tour leader (should) inform the tourists immediately of any changes in the plans.

The situation required that China (should) open its door to the outside world.

His parents insisted that he ( should ) go to the most well-known university instead of a common one.

注意：① 當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示”,“表明”，insist表示“堅持認(rèn)為”時，它們所接的賓語從句不

用虛擬語氣。

例如：The expression on her face suggested that she was satisfied with the results.

He insists that the mirror wan’t broken by him.

② 在“It is strange/important/necessary/a pity+that從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句常用(should) +do或should have done 的虛擬形式。

例如：It is necessary that every member of the group (should) attend the meeting on time.

It is strange that she should have done such a foolish thing.

③ wish 后接的賓語從句表示現(xiàn)在的愿望時用一般過去時(be 用were),表示過去的愿望時用過去完成時，表示將來的愿望時用could/would+do的結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如：I wish I had enough money to buy a car of my own.

She wished she hadn’t missed the film last night.

We wish we could see each other again quite soon.

④ would rather后的賓語從句用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿眠^去完成時表示過去的愿望。

例如：I would rather you came to see me tomorrow.

I would rather I hadn’t attended the party last night.

I would rather he weren’t here now.

三、虛擬語氣在定語從句中的應(yīng)用

在“It is (about/high) time+that從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語動

詞用should+do的形式，且should不可以省略;或者用一般過去時(be用were)。

例如：It’s (about) time you should go to bed.

It’s (high) time you returned my motorbike.

四、虛擬語氣在含有含蓄虛擬條件的句子中的應(yīng)用

有些句子雖然不含虛擬條件句，但含有以介詞(短語)with, without,but for

等，副詞or, otherwise或分詞短語表示的含蓄的虛擬條件，此時句子應(yīng)該根據(jù)含

蓄虛擬條件所指的時間采用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。

例如：Without air and water, there would be no living things on the earth.

But for(Without)your help, I couldn’t have made such great progress.

You’d better put everything where they were; otherwise, your mother would be

angry with you.

Given more time and money, they could have done the work better.