2021中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

日期：2021-03-17 13:17 點(diǎn)擊：

中考專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

 

本章節(jié)內(nèi)容  

1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式

2.不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的技巧指導(dǎo)

4.常見主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況

5.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在句子中運(yùn)用

 

 

1

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式

 

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)

        被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為be動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,即“be+done”。在不同的時(shí)態(tài)中,be動(dòng)詞有不同的形式。

 

二、常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

This watch is made in China.這塊手表是中國(guó)制造的。

2.沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

Many trees must be planted every year.每年必須種許多樹。

3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。

Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越來(lái)越多的人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語(yǔ)的廣泛使用)

4.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是物。

Many houses were washed away by the flood.許多房子被洪水沖走了。

 

2

不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

 

1.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合是中考的必考點(diǎn),尤其是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

時(shí)態(tài)	被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)	例句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)	am/is/are+done	The   classroom is cleaned by us.
一般過去時(shí)	was/were+done	The   kite was made by him.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)	will/shall+be done	Trees   will be planted by them tomorrow.

 

2.其他時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)	被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)	例句
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)	have/has+been done	The work has been finished by Jim.
過去完成時(shí)	had+been done	The work had been finished by Jim by last week.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)	am/is/are+being done	The flowers are being watered by her.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)	was/were+being done	A letter was being written by her.
過去將來(lái)時(shí)	would/be going to+be done	He said a kite would be made by him.

3.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done”。

Your homework must be finished today.你的作業(yè)今天必須完成。

 

 

3

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的技巧指導(dǎo)

 

（1）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定考點(diǎn)

單項(xiàng)填空對(duì)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查均會(huì)結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)，4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中一般包含兩個(gè)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，兩個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；而其對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的考查一般不會(huì)涉及語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此，如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即可判斷此題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由此便可排除非被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。

（2）根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)選答案

首先，考生需要根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）來(lái)判斷時(shí)態(tài)。

對(duì)于沒有關(guān)鍵詞的試題，則要根據(jù)上下文已經(jīng)給出的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)境理解并結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。

如：—Tell me one thing you’re proud of in your junior high school, Tony.

 —I ___ as the captain of the school football team.

A. choose   B. chose   C. am chosen  D. was chosen

方法點(diǎn)撥  第1步：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)A、B為時(shí)態(tài)，C、D為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可知本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此可排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。第2步：再根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Tony被選為校足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)是他初中生活中最值得驕傲的一件事情，說(shuō)明這是已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。故選D。

 

4

常見主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況

（1）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞（如：hear, see, watch, notice等）后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to還原，即：hear(see) sb. do sth.→sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.。

We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.

→The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us.

晚上我們經(jīng)常聽到那個(gè)女孩在她的房間里唱歌。

（2）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞（如：make, let等）后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原，即：make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.。

主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義的情況

（1）動(dòng)詞open, read, sell, write等作不及物動(dòng)詞, 且它們的主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)。如：The pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好用。

（2）某些連系動(dòng)詞（如smell, look, taste, feel, sound等）描述某物特性時(shí)。如：This kind of flower smells sweet. 這種花聞起來(lái)很香。

（3）一些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。

①be worth doing中,doing表示被動(dòng)意義。如：This movie is worth watching. 這部電影值得一看。

②“need/require+doing”相當(dāng)于“need/require+to be done”, to be done 是不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Your car needs washing.= Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽車該洗了。

根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子

1.This kind of pants                well.這種褲子賣得好。 

2.That story               interesting.那個(gè)故事聽起來(lái)有趣。 

3.This book is worth                .這本書值得讀。 

4.My watch needs             . 我的表需要修理。

5.This shop is               at 8:00 in the morning. 這家商店早上八點(diǎn)開門。

【答案】1.sells　2.sounds　3.reading　

4.repairing/to be repaired　5.opened

 

 

 

中考試練

1. —Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?

—Yes, I really like him. He ___ by many people around the world.

A. admire        B. admires

C. is admired   D. is admiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意“你喜歡著名的籃球明星科比嗎？”“是的，我真的喜歡他。他被全世界的許多人所崇拜。”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“by”可知此處應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。故選C。

2. —Your scarf feels soft. Did you buy it in China?

—No, I bought it in France. But it ___ in China.

A. is making    B. was made

C. makes       D. made

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為“你的圍巾摸起來(lái)很柔軟。你是在中國(guó)買的它嗎？”“不，我在法國(guó)買的。但是它是在中國(guó)制造的。”這里主語(yǔ)it(the scarf)與謂語(yǔ)make是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由前一句bought可知是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。

3. —During the APEC summit(峰會(huì)), Beijing’s sky was so blue and clear.

—It ___ APEC blue. But too bad it no longer stays that way.

A. is called    B. are called

C. called       D. calls

【答案】A

【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為“在亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織峰會(huì)期間，北京的天

空如此地蔚藍(lán)和干凈。”“它____APEC藍(lán)。但是很糟糕的是它不再保持那樣了。”主語(yǔ)It為單數(shù)，且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞call之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故選A。

4.China’s hot words, like tuhao, dama and lianghui, ___ in the western media(媒體).

A. use widely      B. is widely used

C. uses widely    D. are widely used

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:漢語(yǔ)熱詞,比如“土豪”、“ 大媽”和“兩會(huì)”, ____ 于西方媒體。本句主語(yǔ)words和use之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。“China’s hot words”是復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語(yǔ),故選D。

5. —___ free breakfasts ___ in all schools in China?

—No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.

A. Are; made       B. Do; serve

C. Are; served    D. Do; make

【答案】C

【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意“免費(fèi)早餐在中國(guó)所有的學(xué)校里都____嗎？”“不，還沒呢。只有農(nóng)村地區(qū)有。”免費(fèi)早餐應(yīng)是被提供。應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C。

6.With the development of China, Chinese ___ by a large number of people in the world.

A. speaks    B. is spoken

C. speak     D. is speaking

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：隨著中國(guó)的發(fā)展，漢語(yǔ)被世界上大量人講。“漢語(yǔ)”和“講”之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選B。

7. —Why does the earth look blue in space?

—Because most of the earth’s surface ___ by ocean.

A. covers    B. is covered

C. cover     D. are covered

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意“為什么地球在太空中看起來(lái)是藍(lán)色的？”“因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蟛糠侄急缓Ｑ骭___。”主語(yǔ)“most of the earth’s surface”為第三人稱單數(shù)，且是動(dòng)作承受者，客觀事實(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。

8. Emily was glad that she ___ for her honesty at that meeting.

A. praises        B. praised

C. is praised     D. was praised

【答案】D【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：艾米麗很高興在那個(gè)會(huì)議上她因?yàn)檎\(chéng)實(shí)____。由句意可知，主語(yǔ)she與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞praise之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“was”和“at that meeting”可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故選D。

9. He Jiang ___ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.

A. invites        B. invited

C. is invited     D. was invited

【答案】D

【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：何江上個(gè)月____在哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上做演講。何江和邀請(qǐng)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“last month”可知應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。故選D。

10. Now all Chinese couples ___ to have two children.

A. allow            B. allowed

C. are allowed    D. were allowed

【答案】C

【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在所有中國(guó)夫妻____可以有兩個(gè)孩子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語(yǔ)“all Chinese couples”與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Now”可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選C。

11. —Have you finished your report on green life?

—Not yet. I'll make it if I ___ another two days.

A. give        B. am given

C. will give   D. will be given

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意“你完成了關(guān)于綠色生活的報(bào)告了嗎？”“還沒有。如果再____我兩天時(shí)間我就完成了。”分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語(yǔ)I應(yīng)為動(dòng)作give的承受者，所以應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。故選B。

12. Paper ___ first ___ about 2,000 years ago in China.

A. is; creating       B. is; created

C. has; created    D. was; created

【答案】D

【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：紙大約在2，000年前在中國(guó)首先____出來(lái)。句子的主語(yǔ)“紙”與謂語(yǔ)“創(chuàng)造”之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“2,000 years ago”可知本句是一般過去時(shí)。故選D。

13.—Maria, I looked for you everywhere at Kevin’s birthday party yesterday.

—Oh, I didn’t go, because I             . 

A.hasn’t invited   B.wasn’t invited

C.isn’t invited      D.didn’t invited

【答案】B　

【解析】句意:——瑪麗亞,我昨天在凱文的生日聚會(huì)上到處找你。——哦,我沒有去,因?yàn)槲覜]有被邀請(qǐng)。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由句意可知本空用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),再結(jié)合題干中“I didn’t go”可知本空用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),故本題選擇B。

14.—Why did your school win the basketball game?

—Because basketball              as an after-school activity in our school this term. 

A.has played    B.was played

C.is played       D.will play

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——為什么你的學(xué)校贏得了那場(chǎng)籃球賽?——因?yàn)檫@個(gè)學(xué)期打籃球在我們學(xué)校是一項(xiàng)課后活動(dòng)。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。basketball和動(dòng)詞play為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,由此可知本空用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),再結(jié)合本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this term可知本空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),故本題選擇C。

15.A talk on how to become a successful learner              in the school hall next Monday. 

A.will give   B.gives

C.is given   D.will be given

【答案】D

【解析】句意:下周一,一個(gè)關(guān)于如何成為一個(gè)成功的學(xué)習(xí)者的演講將會(huì)在學(xué)校大廳進(jìn)行。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句主語(yǔ)a talk和動(dòng)詞give為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,由此可知本空用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),再結(jié)合本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next Monday可知本空用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),故本題選擇D。

16..My brother            to read by my mother when he was very young. 

A.teaches              B.is taught

C.was teaching     D.was taught

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在我弟弟很小的時(shí)候我媽媽就教他讀書。本題考查一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知本空應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí),故排除A和B。再結(jié)合句意可知本空應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故選擇D。

17.In the future, more and more high-speed railroads            in China. 

A.are built        B.will build

C.were built     D.will be built

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在未來(lái),越來(lái)越多的高速鐵路將在中國(guó)被修建。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in the future”可知本空用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),再根據(jù)句意可知本空選擇D。

18.—When shall we go to watch the basketball match?

—Tomorrow, only if the work            . 

A.will be finished   B.is finished

C.finishes              D.will finish

【答案】B

【解析】句意:——我們什么時(shí)候去看籃球比賽?——明天,只有工作被完成了才可以。由題干中的if可知設(shè)空處為條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則可知,本空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),故排除A和D選項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)句意可知選擇B。

19.A lot of trees             around here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now. 

A.were planted   B.are planted

C.will plant         D.are planting

【答案】　B

【解析】句意:每年許多樹在這周圍被種植,現(xiàn)在我們能夠享受更新鮮的空氣了。由于本句話的主語(yǔ)為trees,故本空應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故排除C和D兩項(xiàng)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“every year”可知本空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),故選擇B。

20.The boy            two notebooks as prizes for his progress last week. 

A.gives       B.will give

C.is given   D.was given

【答案】D

【解析】句意:上周那個(gè)男孩被給予兩個(gè)筆記本作為他進(jìn)步的獎(jiǎng)品。由句意可知本空應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故排除A和B選項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“last week”可知本題選擇D。

總結(jié)：中考對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查一般會(huì)和時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合。因此考生在解答此類試題時(shí)，首先需要根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）來(lái)判斷出時(shí)態(tài)，對(duì)于沒有關(guān)鍵詞的試題，則要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境理解并結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。其次，根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)作的承受者（動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，多是名詞）在空前、實(shí)施者在空后（有時(shí)也省略）判斷出被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)直接選擇即可。

 

5

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在句子中運(yùn)用

完成下列句子

1.    這些女孩子們一個(gè)月之前被教授如何跳舞,現(xiàn)在她們能跳好了。

The girls                        how to dance a month ago and now they can            well. 

2.    一座橋?qū)⒃诤由媳唤ㄔ?。將?lái)它能節(jié)省我們很多時(shí)間

A bridge                                   over the river. It can save us a lot of time in the future. 

3.    如果學(xué)生們被允許擁有兼職工作,他們擁有的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間可能就更少了。

If students                       to have a part-time job, they may have less time to study. 

4.We asked him to sing an English song.（改寫成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

→                                           

5.He gave me a book.（改寫成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

→                                           .(將間接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ))

→                                           .(將直接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ))

6.We should take good care of the children.（改寫成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

→                                            

7.I saw some boys playing football in the playground.（改寫成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

→                                           

8.We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.（改寫成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

→                                            

【答案】

1. were taught，dance

2. will be built

3. are allowed

4. He was asked to sing an English song by us.

5. I was given a book by him，A book was given to me by him.

6.The children should be taken good care of by us.(of不可省略)

7.Some boys were seen playing football in the playground by me.

8.The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us.